Educational information, not professional advice
Articles are intended to explain animal identity, anatomy, behaviour, habitat and conservation in general terms. They are not veterinary, medical, legal, travel, wildlife-management, rescue, handling or public-safety advice and do not create a professional or fiduciary relationship.
Consequential decisions should be checked with a qualified professional or the relevant wildlife, veterinary, conservation, health or emergency authority. Information that is appropriate for one species, population or country may be unsafe or unlawful in another.
Accuracy, completeness and changing knowledge
We take reasonable care with sources and corrections, but do not warrant that every statement is complete, error-free or continuously current. Taxonomy, conservation status, distributions, regulations, research interpretations and external databases can change after publication.
Common names may cover several species and photographs may not prove a precise identification. Where the evidence is uncertain, the site aims to say so, but readers should still verify information before relying on it for a consequential purpose.
Wildlife and emergency safety
Do not approach, touch, feed, capture, transport, treat or release an animal solely because of information on this site. Wild animals can injure people, transmit disease, abandon young after disturbance or be harmed by well-intentioned intervention.
If an animal or person may be in immediate danger, contact an appropriate local wildlife rehabilitator, veterinarian, conservation authority or emergency service. Ugly Animals does not monitor messages as an emergency channel and cannot provide location-specific rescue instructions.
Conservation status and legal protection
A conservation category is tied to an assessment, taxon, population and date. It is not a prediction about an individual animal and does not replace local endangered-species, trade, possession or animal-welfare law.
Descriptions such as endangered, threatened, protected or domestic may have different legal and scientific meanings. Check the current authority for the place and activity involved.
External links and third-party material
Links are provided for evidence, attribution and further reading. We do not control another website's accuracy, availability, security, privacy practices, later edits or products. A link or citation does not endorse every statement or service offered by that source.
Third-party images and quoted material remain subject to the rights and licence terms of their owners. Their presence on Ugly Animals does not grant a reader permission to reuse them.
Advertising, analytics and commercial relationships
Mediavine manages programmatic advertising on the site as described in the Privacy and Cookie policies. Google Analytics, Google Search Console and separate Grow features may also be used as described there. Advertising and technical reporting do not influence the scientific conclusion of an animal guide.
The site may also publish sponsored material or affiliate links in the future. When present, a material commercial relationship will be identified where required. An advertisement is supplied by a third party and does not by itself constitute our endorsement, warranty or recommendation of the advertiser or product.
No warranties
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the site and its content are provided as available and without express or implied warranties, including warranties of accuracy, availability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement or uninterrupted operation.
We do not warrant that the site will always be available, free of errors or harmful components, or compatible with every device. Nothing in this disclaimer limits a warranty or consumer protection that cannot lawfully be excluded.
Limits of liability
To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, Ugly Animals and those involved in operating the site will not be liable for indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive loss arising from use of, inability to use or reliance on the site or an external link.
Where liability cannot be excluded, it is limited only to the extent the applicable law permits. Nothing excludes liability for fraud, wilful misconduct, death or personal injury caused by negligence, or any other liability that the law does not allow to be excluded.